• pHi regulation in astrocytes has been examined primarily in

  2021-11-01

  

  pHi regulation in astrocytes has been examined primarily in cell culture rather than in situ. Two HCO3−-dependent transporters, NBC and Na+-driven Cl-HCO3 exchange (NDCBE), have been described [10,16], in addition to Cl-HCO3 anion exchange (AE) [96]. Culture studies indicate that NHE is the principa

• The Hedgehog Hh pathway is linked to

  2021-11-01

  

  The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is linked to the development of several types of epithelial cancers (Rubin and de Sauvage, 2006). A paracrine mechanism has been implicated in CAF activation, with Hh ligands secreted by cancer cells activating the glioma-associated transcription factors (Gli) in surroundin

• Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from d

  2021-11-01

  

  Discrepancies in the reported results and conclusions from different groups regarding studies in ghrelin−/− and ghsr−/− mice are likely explained by the mixed background of the mutant mice used in the different studies [35]; although in the case of mice exposed to HFD, exposure to a HFD immediately

• Galactosidase Gal EC is an enzyme exoglycosidase and the

  2021-11-01

  

  α-Galactosidase (α-Gal, EC 3.2.1.22) is an enzyme exoglycosidase, and the main role of this enzyme is the enzymolysis of α-galactoside. After this hydrolysis, galactosylation of cyclodextrins by the α-galactosidase occurs, thus forming α-galactosyl-cyclodextrin. This branched CD is easy to dissolve

• Statins are recognized by their nephroprotective effect Chmi

  2021-11-01

  

  Statins are recognized by their nephroprotective effect (Chmielewski et al., 2002). The hepato- and nephroprotective effects of silymarin are also well studied (Alqasoumi, 2014, Mohamed et al., 2018). Several studies documented increasing myd88 signaling of FXR by statins (Byun et al., 2014& (Lu et

• FXR agonists represent an attractive class of drugs for

  2021-11-01

  

  FXR agonists represent an attractive class of drugs for patients with PFIC. Synthetic and semi-synthetic FXR agonists, with higher affinity and potency to activate FXR, have been successfully tested in animal models of cholestasis. In these murine models, the semi-synthetic steroidal FXR ligand obet

• The FAAH inhibitor activity of

  2021-11-01

  

  The FAAH inhibitor activity of the 3-(5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenyl cyclohexylcarbamates was investigated by preparation of compounds (43–52, Table 3). These new compounds displayed an important loss of activity in comparison with the corresponding regioisomers 5-phenyl compound

• Introduction Histamine Imidazolyl ethylamine is an important

  2021-11-01

  

  Introduction Histamine [2-(4-Imidazolyl)-ethylamine] is an important mediator of many physiological and pathological processes including inflammation, gastric Cy3 TSA secretion, neuromodulation, regulation of immune function, cell proliferation and differentiation, among others. Histamine exerts i

• The central region of Azalanstat can be substituted with

  2021-11-01

  

  The central region of Azalanstat can be substituted with connecting alkyl chains of different nature and length. Interesting results were given by compounds with a four or five 3280 chain, incorporating heteroatoms, such as oxygen (Fig. 2, compound 4) or sulfur, and different functional groups such

• WM-8014 Heavy alcohol consumption reported by three of five

  2021-11-01

  

  Heavy alcohol consumption, reported by three of five referred patients with chronic HCV infection and cirrhosis, is a risk factor for cirrhosis in p.C282Y homozygotes [19], [47] and adults with chronic HCV infection [48]. Although none of the present referred patients were diagnosed to have porphyri

• br Discussion Using HBV transgenic mice Kim

  2021-10-29

  

  Discussion Using HBV transgenic mice, Kim, et al. first reported that the HBx gene caused HCC [34]. Since then, transgenic mice have become a useful experimental model for defining the molecular events of HBV hepatitis, and HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis. In the present study, we first confirme

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements br A

  2021-10-29

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements A Class of Unconventional, Dimerization-Activated GTPases GTP-binding proteins, or GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate numerous cellular pathways 1, 2, 3, 4. Pioneering work on the extended Ras subfamily of GTPases, exemplified by Ras,

• estriol br Brief overview of GSK inhibitors We will briefly

  2021-10-29

  

  Brief overview of GSK-3 inhibitors We will briefly summarize some of the key aspects about GSK-3 inhibitors. Additional details of GSK-3 inhibitors in clinical trials have been recently reviewed [5]. GSK-3 is a complicated target as it is involved in many biological processes from neurology, diab

• SBE 13 HCl br Spatial working memory is GluR

  2021-10-29

  

  Spatial working memory is GluR-A-dependent The radial maze task also allowed us to study hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory. On spatial working memory tasks, the correct spatial response that the animal must make varies from trial to trial and is dependent on some conditional, trial-spe

• By using pharmacological treatment with CBX or transgenic

  2021-10-29

  

  By using pharmacological treatment with CBX or transgenic animals lacking the two major astroglial Cxs, the Double KO mouse, we demonstrated that the gap-FRAP technique was able to detect the total inhibition of GJC with a reduction of about 39% and 38% compared to control, respectively. The residua

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