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As early as glucagon was shown to increase
2022-01-14
As early as 1957, glucagon was shown to increase Schizandrin A expenditure in rodents in both pair-feeding studies and through directly increasing oxygen consumption [23], [24]. This has more recently been confirmed in man, through indirect calorimetry during glucagon infusions [25], [26], [27]. Th
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br Materials and methods br Contributors
2022-01-14
Materials and methods Contributors Acknowledgements This work was funded by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Shanxi Province [(2010)255], by a Shanxi Scholarship Council of China, and supported by a grant from the Alzheimer Society UK. The authors declare no conflict of
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In terms of stimulation oxytocin dopamine noradrenaline
2022-01-13
In terms of stimulation, oxytocin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and glucagon have all been reported to increase ghrelin secretion (Mundinger et al., 2006, Iwakura et al., 2011, de la Cour et al., 2007, Gagnon and Anini, 2013). Stimulatory effects on ghrelin secretion have also been observed w
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br Voltage dependent anion channel VDAC is a ubiquitous
2022-01-13
Voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC is a ubiquitous protein showing well conserved structural and functional properties in spite of major variations in its sequence (for review see [50]). Most of what we know about VDAC electrophysiological properties (for reviews, see [51], [52]) was initially
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Herein we describe the development of
2022-01-13
Herein, we describe the development of second generation GSM compounds aimed at improving critical physicochemical properties while maintaining the potent activity of the parent AGSM. Ligand design focused on identifying heterocyclic replacements for the hydrophobic D-ring as a means to improve ADME
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Although several new elements i
2022-01-13
Although several new elements (i.e., microsomes and NADPH) were added in E. coli cultures in the current study, the concentration of LacZ gene inducer, IPTG, to stimulate for the maximum production of β-galactosidase enzyme at media pH of 7.0 was observed to be the same as in the previous study (Fig
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Based on the previous report that
2022-01-13
Based on the previous report that FXR regulated PEPCK indirectly [20], we speculated that FXR may regulate gluconeogenesis by regulating some key transcription factors associated with gluconeogenesis. Finally, by using HS218 as a probe, we found that FXR binds to PGC-1α promoter and directly regulat
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A common feature of ferroptosis is the iron dependent accumu
2022-01-13
A common feature of ferroptosis is the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid-ROS and the subsequent depletion of polyunsaturated fatty Dapoxetine HCl phospholipids (PUFA-PLs) [118]. The PUFA chains of membrane lipids are more susceptible to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation, which results i
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Potential roles for S P in angiogenesis
2022-01-13
Potential roles for S1P in angiogenesis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases such as RA have been reported [73]. In RA synoviocytes, S1P has been shown to enhance expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-
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br Introduction Thrombosis is one of
2022-01-13
Introduction Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of deaths in the cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction (MI), unstable Ketorolac synthesis and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in developed countries [1], [2]. It is estimated that venous thromboembolism (VTE) afflicts about 1 mill
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During the activation of the coagulation
2022-01-13
During the activation of the coagulation cascade, factor Xa (FXa) forms a complex with activated factor V and calcium dextromethorphan hydrobromide on the surface of platelet membrane (so called prothrombinase complex) and converts prothrombin to thrombin [5], [6]. Selective FXa inhibitors do not di
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It has been shown that
2022-01-13
It has been shown that mice lacking SMAD2 in T cells do not develop spontaneous lymphoproliferative autoimmunity (Malhotra et al., 2010). Further, FOXO1 is known to activate proinflammatory MCP-1 and IL-6 (Ito et al., 2009). To this end, we also validated the downstream target FOXO1 and SMAD2 after
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A pyrimidine class of compounds is of enormous interest
2022-01-13
A pyrimidine class of compounds is of enormous interest within anti-HIV drug discovery process for several decades, as pyrimidine based DABOs class [7], DAPYs class [8] are well known as NNRTIs as well as NRTIs. However, the overall role of a pyrimidine class of heterocycles in anti-HIV drug discove
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br Introduction Histamine stored in mast
2022-01-13
Introduction Histamine stored in mast cells and basophils has been recognized as one of the most critical mediators in allergic reactions and plays an important role in eliciting the nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis, such as sneezing, nasal itch, pain, rhinorrhea, and congestion [1], [2]. It
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The analytical approach for the simultaneous determination
2022-01-13
The analytical approach for the simultaneous determination of HA and its metabolites is complex. There are commercial kits that allow the determination of HA through ELISA and of its metabolites through radioimmunoassay (RIA) techniques. However, these immunological-based techniques do not allow sim
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