• br Discussion br Acknowledgments Writing of this

  2023-04-11

  

  Discussion Acknowledgments Writing of this review and collection of data from our laboratories that are presented were supported by a grant from the Belgian Science Policy (BELSPO) SSTC Interuniversity Attraction Poles Plastoscine P7/17 to AVDL and JB, multiple grants from the Fund for Scienti

• br The role of apelin in hepatic diseases

  2023-04-11

  

  The role of apelin in hepatic diseases The involvement of the apelin/APJ system in liver physiology and pathology has been proven in numerous studies (Table 6). For instance, in the experiment of Emam et al. [63] on rats suffering from hepatic injury, apelin decreased the levels of ALT, AST and L

• The functional similarity between GPR and APLNR

  2023-04-11

  

  The functional similarity between GPR25 and APLNR, ie both can be activated by Apelin and Apela and are coupled to Gi-cAMP signaling pathway (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), strongly suggests that GPR25 signaling may play important physiological and pathological roles in vertebrates more or less similar to

• Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK

  2023-04-11

  

  Akt is another upstream kinase known to phosphorylate AMPK Ser489 in response to high insulin levels [7], [21]. HepG2 MK-8745 synthesis show an increase in phosphorylation of AMPK at Ser485 when incubated with either insulin or troglitazone individually (Fig. 5A and C). Despite this concurrent incr

• br The lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous

  2023-04-10

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous system Conclusions and future perspectives Arachidonic NS 11394 and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their lipid metabolites, play very important roles in human health and disease. This review has outlined the functions of 12- and

• While the mechanisms by which ALDH

  2023-04-10

  

  While the mechanisms by which ALDH2 regulates cardiac responses to pathological stress remain unclear, the capillary rarefaction found in pressure-overloaded ALDH2 Tg hearts provides potential clues. Loss of capillary density and diminished endothelial function occur in pathological hypertrophy [46]

• br Adenosine receptors and innate

  2023-04-10

  

  Adenosine receptors and innate immunity Monocytes and macrophages. All four adenosine receptor subtypes are expressed on monocytes and macrophages, and their levels and function undergo significant changes during the maturation of macrophages from monocytes. Indeed, quiescent monocytes are charac

• Probenecid Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Th

  2023-04-10

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The BV-tag-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay is an extremely sensitive assay. It has been employed for detecting analytes present in only picogram quantities (e.g., bacterial toxins [26], Probenecid [19]), measuring the activity of basic carb

• ACh induced changes in respiratory frequency could be of int

  2023-04-10

  

  ACh-induced changes in respiratory frequency could be of interest. They may reveal an important mechanism of respiratory modulation at the caudal NTS level. ACh-induced increases in respiratory frequency within this region have been also reported by Furuya et al. (2014). Changes in respiratory timin

• Our previous work fails to show any maternal effect

  2023-04-10

  

  Our previous work fails to show any maternal effect with blockade of 5-HT2A receptor, as acute and repeated treatment of MDL100907 does not alter maternal behavior at the behaviorally active doses (Chen et al., 2014). In the present study, MDL100907 pretreatment attenuated the maternal disruptive ef

• Purification of Rv c In order to investigate

  2023-04-10

  

  Purification of Rv2477c. In order to investigate the catalytic capabilities of Rv2477c, we expressed the protein as an N-terminal histidine-tagged fusion protein in E. coli BL21 cells and purified the protein by cobalt-affinity chromatography. As shown in Fig. 2A, the 65 kDa fusion protein was expre

• Here the so called alkali

  2023-04-10

  

  Here the so-called alkali assay [18] is proposed as a method to be applied directly on the purified recombinant enzyme sharing the same structural and functional features of the wild-type enzyme [19], [20], [21] using its physiological substrate androstenedione. The assay that was already successful

• br Conflicts of interest br Introduction

  2023-04-10

  

  Conflicts of interest Introduction Arginase catalyzes the reaction in which l-arginine is converted to l-ornithine and urea. In humans, two arginase isoenzymes have been identified, arginase 1 and arginase 2, that differ in cellular location and tissue distribution [1]. Both arginase enzymes a

• Several MAP kinases are involved

  2023-04-10

  

  Several MAP kinases are involved in the signal transduction pathways that lead to the upregulations of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, transcriptional activations of STATs are regulated by MAP kinases, as evidenced by reports that p38 MAPK is necessary for the S727 phosphorylation of STATs (Kovari

• br Adenosine receptors and the

  2023-04-07

  

  Adenosine receptors and the adaptive immunity T lymphocytes are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response [95]. These cells can be stimulated by the presentation of antigenic moieties by APCs, such as dendritic cells or macrophages [96]. The presentation of antigenic molecules on the APC

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