• Generally glycines and other small residues such

  2021-03-25

  

  Generally, glycines (and other small residues such as alanine) present in a helical GxxxG-motif that are facing the same side of the helix form a uniform surface that enables direct contact with a second helix. Crystal structures of multipass membrane proteins have demonstrated that GxxxG-motifs are

• Muscle Ring Fingers MuRFs comprising TRIM MuRF TRIM MuRF

  2021-03-25

  

  Muscle Ring Fingers (MuRFs) comprising TRIM63 (MuRF1), TRIM55 (MuRF2) and TRIM54 (MuRF3) are the most studied TRIMs in the heart. However, with increasing knowledge of E3 ligases and recent advancements in the field, many other TRIMs such as TRIM8, TRIM21, TRIM24, TRIM32, TRIM45, TRIM69 and TRIM72 w

• In the past few years neuroprotection via

  2021-03-25

  

  In the past few years, neuroprotection via GLP-1R activation has been shown in several animal models of stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, ALS and traumatic Tirofiban injury. This research field is rapidly growing and several reviews have been recently published (Darsalia et al., 2014b,

• Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors DPP is or gliptins stimulate

  2021-03-25

  

  Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is or gliptins) stimulate both post-meal insulin secretion and inhibit Okadaic acid secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, rendering the risk of hypoglycaemia minimal [10]. They are weight-neutral or may even induce slight weight loss. Their good efficacy h

• In the present study DRD decreased

  2021-03-25

  

  In the present study, DRD3 decreased in the VTA of OA when compared with the control group. It is reported that DRD3 in the VTA control the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons and inhibition of these receptors enhance firing in the VTA-projecting neurons [18]. A study also indicated that morphine tr

• br Introduction br Structure of the

  2021-03-25

  

  Introduction Structure of the Ku heterodimer associated to DNA The atomic structure of the Ku heterodimer, alone and bound to a small DNA fragment, was recently determined (Walker et al., 2001) and has significantly improved our understanding of DNA recognition by DNA-PK holoenzyme (Fig. 3). B

• br Conclusions br Conflict of interest

  2021-03-25

  

  Conclusions Conflict of interest Financial disclosure Introduction In prokaryotes, six distinct autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways have been identified so far. Of these pathways, 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3-HP/4-HB) cycle is one of the recently discovered pathways [1]. The 3-

• Almost of drugs in the market undergo deactivation

  2021-03-25

  

  Almost 75% of drugs in the market undergo deactivation though oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, and then, either directly or by facilitated excretion from the body (Guengerich, 2008). The CYP3A subfamily is of particular interest because of its broad substrate spec

• br Results br Discussion br Experimental Procedures br Autho

  2021-03-25

  

  Results Discussion Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments Introduction Excitatory synaptic transmission within the brain is largely mediated by ionotropic glutamate receptors. At glutamatergic synapses, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-proprionic MRS1523

• Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope

  2021-03-24

  

  Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in bone collagen and carbon isotope ratios in bone apatite data were obtained by the means of the techniques described in supplementary data (SD1). For collagen, standard indicators have been used to assess its preservation, such as collagen yield, carbon an

• The strong adsorption of amines to the stationary

  2021-03-24

  

  The strong adsorption of amines to the stationary phase of gas chromatography (GC) columns causes issues such as tailing, ghosting and low reproducibility [12], [13]. A common practice to overcome this problem is the chemical derivatisation of amines prior to GC analysis [14]. Comprehensive reviews

• In the course of carbohydrate metabolism pyruvate the

  2021-03-24

  

  In the course of carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is converted to acetyl-CoA, which fuels the citrate cycle for further generation of energy. In the case of elevated levels of acetyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA is converted into malonyl-CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylas

• br Introduction Ewing s sarcoma ES

  2021-03-24

  

  Introduction Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) is a mesenchymal tumor characterized by small, round, blue cells, and is poorly differentiated and highly malignant [1]. While ES typically arises in bone and soft tissue, rare primary extraosseous manifestations of ES have been reported throughout the body [2].

• Introduction Cholesterol plays a pivotal

  2021-03-24

  

  Introduction Cholesterol plays a pivotal role as a constituent of biological membranes and as a precursor for vitamins, hormones and bile acids. Accordingly, its production, distribution, and elimination must be tightly regulated at the cellular and organismal level. Accordingly, dysregulated chole

• Introduction Determining how genes function together as biol

  2021-03-24

  

  Introduction Determining how genes function together as biological systems is a defining challenge of the genomic era. While genome sequences reveal the DNA blueprint of organisms, deciphering how this blueprint leads to biological function is challenging due in large part to the complexity of prot

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